Propiedades coligativas de soluciones electrolíticas y no electrolíticas

%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0AEstas+dependen+solo+del+n%C3%BAmero+de+part%C3%ADculas+de+soluto+en+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+y+no+de+la+naturaleza+de+las+part%C3%ADculas+del+soluto.+Las+propiedades+coligativas+son+la+disminuci%C3%B3n+de+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor%2C+la+elevaci%C3%B3n+del+punto+de+ebullici%C3%B3n%2C+la+disminuci%C3%B3n+del+punto+de+congelaci%C3%B3n+y+la+presi%C3%B3n+osm%C3%B3tica.+Para+el+estudio+de+las+propiedades+coligativas+de+disoluciones+de+no+electrolitos+es+importante+recordar+que+se+est%C3%A1+hablando+de+soluciones+relativamente+diluidas%2C+es+decir+cuyas+concentraciones+son+%E2%89%A4+0.2M.%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23e06666%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+large%3B%22%3EDisminuci%C3%B3n+de+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23e06666%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ASi+un+soluto+es+no+vol%C3%A1til%2C+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor+de+sus+disoluciones+siempre+es+menor+que+la+del+disolvente+puro.+As%C3%AD%2C+la+relaci%C3%B3n+entre+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+y+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor+del+disolvente+puro+depende+de+la+concentraci%C3%B3n+del+soluto+en+la+disoluci%C3%B3n.+Esta+relaci%C3%B3n+se+expresa+por+la+ley+de+Raoult%2C+que+establece+que+la+presi%C3%B3n+parcial+de+un+disolvente+en+una+disoluci%C3%B3n%2C+P%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E1%2C+est%C3%A1+dada+por+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor+del+disolvente+puro%2C%26nbsp%3B%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3EP0%2C+multiplicada+por+la+fracci%C3%B3n+molar+del+disolvente+en+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+%2C%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E+X%3C%2Fi%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E1%3A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0AP%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E1%3D+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EX1P0%3C%2Fi%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%C3%93%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%E2%88%86P%3DX2P0%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ALa+disminuci%C3%B3n+de+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor%2C+%E2%88%86P%2C+es+directamente+proporcional+a+la+concentraci%C3%B3n+del+soluto+%28medida+en+fracci%C3%B3n+molar%29%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0@%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com%2F-5XXrygTsHTc%2FTtMnMUSQAqI%2FAAAAAAAAAEk%2FZRWL3_JBshM%2Fs1600%2FUntitled2.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22margin-left%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22640%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com%2F-5XXrygTsHTc%2FTtMnMUSQAqI%2FAAAAAAAAAEk%2FZRWL3_JBshM%2Fs640%2FUntitled2.jpg%22+width%3D%22601%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23e06666%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+large%3B%22%3EElevacion+del+punto+de+ebullici%C3%B3n%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0AEl+punto+de+ebullici%C3%B3n+de+una+disoluci%C3%B3n+es+la+tempertatura+a+la+cual+su+vapor+de+presi%C3%B3n+iguala+a+la+presi%C3%B3n+atmosf%C3%A9rica+externa.+Debido+a+que+la+presencia+de+un+soluto+no+vol%C3%A1til+disminuye+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+una+disoluci%C3%B3n%2C+tambi%C3%A9n+debe+afectar+el+punto+de+ebullici%C3%B3n+de+la+misma.+Debido+a+que+a+cualquier+temperatura+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+es+menor+que+la+del+disolvente+puro%2C+independientemente+de+la+temperatura%2C+la+curva+l%C3%ADquido-vapor+para+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+siempre+esta+por+debajo+de+la+del+disolvente+puro.+%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ALa+elevaci%C3%B3n+del+punto+de+ebullici%C3%B3n+%28%E2%88%86%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETb%29+se+define+como+el+punto+de+ebullici%C3%B3n+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n%26nbsp%3B%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E%28Tb%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%29+menos+el+punto+de+ebullici%C3%B3n+del+disolvente+puro+%28%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETb0%29%3A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%E2%88%86%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETb%3D+%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3ETb+%3C%2Fspan%3E-Tb0%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ADebido+a+que%26nbsp%3B%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETb%26gt%3B+%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3ETb0%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%88%86%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3ETb+%3C%2Fspan%3Ees+una+cantidad+positiva%2C+el+valor+de%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B+%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%88%86%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3ETb+%3C%2Fspan%3Ees+proporcional+a+la+disminuci%C3%B3n+de+la+presi%C3%B3n+de+vapor+y+tambi%C3%A9n+es+proporcional+a+la+concentraci%C3%B3n+%28molalidad%29+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n.+Es+decir%3A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%E2%88%86%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETb%3D%26nbsp%3B%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EKbm%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+left%3B%22%3E%0D%0ADonde+m+es+la+molalidad+y+Kb+es+la+constante+molal+de+elevacion+del+punto+de+ebullicion.+%3Ci%3E%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+left%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ci%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Bdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+left%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ci%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23e06666%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+large%3B%22%3EDisminuci%C3%B3n+del+punto+de+congelaci%C3%B3n+%28%E2%88%86T%3Cspan+style%3D%22position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3Ef%29%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23e06666%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ASe+define+como+el+punto+de+congelaci%C3%B3n+del+disolvente+puro+%28%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETf0%29+menos+el+punto+de+congelacion+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+%28%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETf%29%3A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+12.0pt%3B+line-height%3A+115%25%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%88%86%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETf%3D%26nbsp%3B%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETf+0-Tf%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ADebido+a+que%26nbsp%3B%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ETf+0%26gt%3BTf%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Bspan%3E%2C%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+12.0pt%3B+line-height%3A+115%25%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%88%86T%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-2.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+2.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3Ees+una+cantidad+positiva.+De+nuevo+%2C%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+12.0pt%3B+line-height%3A+115%25%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%88%86Tf%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3Ees+proporcional+a+la+concentraci%C3%B3n+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n%3A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+12.0pt%3B+line-height%3A+115%25%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%88%86Tf%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3D+Kf%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3Em%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ADonde+m+es+la+concentraci%C3%B3n+del+soluto+en+unidades+de+molalidad+y+Kf%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fi%3Aes+la+constante+molal+de+la+disminuci%C3%B3n+del+punto+de+congehaci%C3%B3n%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F4.bp.blogspot.com%2F-o5lItAxv0II%2FTtMqryQy9oI%2FAAAAAAAAAEs%2FVyPyAgYEDrA%2Fs1600%2F3.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22margin-left%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22284%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F4.bp.blogspot.com%2F-o5lItAxv0II%2FTtMqryQy9oI%2FAAAAAAAAAEs%2FVyPyAgYEDrA%2Fs640%2F3.jpg%22+width%3D%22640%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ALa+congelaci%C3%B3n+implica+la+transici%C3%B3n+de+un+estado+desordenado+a+un+estado+ordenado.+Para+que+esto+suceda%2C+el+sistema+debe+liberar+energ%C3%ADa.+Como+en+una+disoluci%C3%B3n+hay+mayor+desorden+que+en+el+disolvente%2C+es+necesario+que+libere+m%C3%A1s+energ%C3%ADa+para+generar+orden+que+en+el+caso+de+un+disolvente+puro.+Por+ello+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+tiene+menor+punto+de+congelaci%C3%B3n+que+el+disolvente%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F4.bp.blogspot.com%2F-fLlgrQNd-88%2FTtMrD9uoqDI%2FAAAAAAAAAE0%2FOyfnRDZo2o8%2Fs1600%2F4.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22margin-left%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22640%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F4.bp.blogspot.com%2F-fLlgrQNd-88%2FTtMrD9uoqDI%2FAAAAAAAAAE0%2FOyfnRDZo2o8%2Fs640%2F4.jpg%22+width%3D%22508%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23e06666%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+large%3B%22%3EPresion+osm%C3%B3tica%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ALa+%C3%B3smosis+es+el+paso+selectivo+de+mol%C3%A9culas+de+disolvente%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E%26nbsp%3B+%3C%2Fspan%3Ea+trav%C3%A9s+de+una+membrana+porosa+desde+una+disoluci%C3%B3n+diluida+hacia+una+de+mayor+concentraci%C3%B3n.+La+presi%C3%B3n+osm%C3%B3tica+%28%CF%80%29+de+una+disoluci%C3%B3n+es+la+presi%C3%B3n+que+se+requiere+para+detener+la+%C3%B3smosis.+Esta+presi%C3%B3n+puede+medirse+directamente+a+partir+de+la+diferencia+en+los+niveles+finales+del+fluido.%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ALa+presi%C3%B3n+osm%C3%B3tica+de+una+disoluci%C3%B3n+esta+dada+por%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3A%0D%0A%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%CF%80+%3D+MRT%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3A%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0Adonde+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EM+%3C%2Fi%3Ees+la+molaridad+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n%2C+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3ER+%3C%2Fi%3Ela+constante+de+los+gases+y+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3ET+%3C%2Fi%3Ela+temperatura+absoluta.+La+presi%C3%B3n+osm%C3%B3tica+se+expresa+en+atmosferas.+La+presi%C3%B3n+osm%C3%B3tica+es+directamente+proporcional+a+la+concentraci%C3%B3n+de+la+disoluci%C3%B3n.+Si+dos+disoluciones+tienen+la+misma+concentraci%C3%B3n%2C+y+por+lo+tanto+la+misma+presi%C3%B3n+osm%C3%B3tica%2C+se+dice+que+son+isot%C3%B3nicas.+Si+dos+disoluciones+tienen+diferente+presi%C3%B3n+osm%C3%B3tica%2C+se+dice+que+la+disoluci%C3%B3n+de+mayor+concentraci%C3%B3n+es+hipert%C3%B3nica+y+la+de+menor+concentraci%C3%B3n+es+hipot%C3%B3nica.%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0@%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F2.bp.blogspot.com%2F-Oqz73h9DutA%2FTtMrhxp3p8I%2FAAAAAAAAAE8%2F2c3tnaAKoxc%2Fs1600%2F5.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22margin-left%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22312%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F2.bp.blogspot.com%2F-Oqz73h9DutA%2FTtMrhxp3p8I%2FAAAAAAAAAE8%2F2c3tnaAKoxc%2Fs640%2F5.jpg%22+width%3D%22640%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%26nbsp%3B++%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22color%3A+%23e06666%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+large%3B%22%3EPropiedades+coligativas+de+las+disoluciones+electrol%C3%ADticas%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0ALos+electrolitos+en+disoluci%C3%B3n+se+disocian+en+iones%3B+por+lo+tanto%2C+cuando+se+disuelve+una+unidad+de+un+compuesto+de+un+electrolito+se+separa+en+dos+o+m%C3%A1s+part%C3%ADculas.+Por+ejemplo%2C+cada+unidad+de+NaClse+disocia+en+dos+iones%3A+Na%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-2.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+2.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-spacerun%3A+yes%3B%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3Ey+Cl%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-2.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+2.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E.+%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-2.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+2.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3EAs%C3%AD+las+propiedades+coligativaS+de+una+disoluci%C3%B3n+de+NaCl+0.1m+deben+ser+el+doble+de+las+de+una+disoluci%C3%B3n+0.1m+de+un+no+electrol%C3%ADto.+Para+explicar+este+efecto%2C+se+define+una+cantidad%2C+denominada+factor+de+%3Cb+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-weight%3A+normal%3B%22%3Evan%C2%B4t+Hoff%3C%2Fb%3E%2C+que+est%C3%A1+dada+por%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F3.bp.blogspot.com%2F-Gr1RK_eSDAM%2FTtMr5D3I4dI%2FAAAAAAAAAFE%2FqrHPqXf7Tnw%2Fs1600%2F6.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22margin-left%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%2255%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F3.bp.blogspot.com%2F-Gr1RK_eSDAM%2FTtMr5D3I4dI%2FAAAAAAAAAFE%2FqrHPqXf7Tnw%2Fs400%2F6.jpg%22+width%3D%22400%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0AAs%C3%AD%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E+i%3C%2Fi%3E+debe+ser+1+para+todos+los+no+electrolitos.+Para+los+electrolitos+fuertes%2C+como+NaCl+y+KNO%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-6.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+6.0pt%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+height%3D%2224%22+src%3D%22file%3A%2F%2F%2FC%3A%2FUsers%2FMariou%2FAppData%2FLocal%2FTemp%2Fmsohtmlclip1%2F01%2Fclip_image002.png%22+width%3D%229%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E+i%3C%2Fi%3E+debe+ser+2%2C+y+para+electrol%C3%ADtos+fuertes+i+debe+ser+3.+En+consecuencia%2C+las+ecuaciones+de+las+propiedades+coligativas+deben+modificarse+como+sigue%3A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%E2%88%86%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3ETb%3C%2Fspan%3E%3D%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E+i%3C%2Fi%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-7.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+7.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EKbm%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A+12.0pt%3B+line-height%3A+115%25%3B%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-5.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+5.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%88%86Tf%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3D+%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3EiKf%3C%2Fi%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22mso-text-raise%3A+-8.0pt%3B+position%3A+relative%3B+top%3A+8.0pt%3B%22%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3Em%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+align%3D%22center%22+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22+style%3D%22text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ci+style%3D%22mso-bidi-font-style%3A+normal%3B%22%3E%CF%80+%3D+iMRT%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0AEn+realidad%2C+las+propiedades+coligativas+de+las+disoluciones+de+electrolitos+son+m%C3%A1s+peque%C3%B1as+de+lo+que+se+espera%2C+porque+a+concentraciones+elevadas+intervienen+las+fuerzas+electrost%C3%A1ticas+y+forman+pares+i%C3%B3nicos.+Un+par+i%C3%B3nico+est%C3%A1+formado+por+uno+o+m%C3%A1s+cationes+y+uno+o+m%C3%A1s+aniones+unidos+mediante+fuerzas+electrost%C3%A1ticas.+La+presencia+de+un+par+i%C3%B3nico+reduce+el+n%C3%BAmero+de+part%C3%ADculas+en+disoluci%C3%B3n%2C+lo+que+conduce+a+la+disminuci%C3%B3n+de+las+propiedades+coligativas.%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22separator%22+style%3D%22clear%3A+both%3B+text-align%3A+center%3B%22%3E%0D%0A%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F2.bp.blogspot.com%2F-vIjzRHlgFEc%2FTtMsdIaEWbI%2FAAAAAAAAAFM%2FIfXW-WX-uz0%2Fs1600%2F7.jpg%22+imageanchor%3D%221%22+style%3D%22margin-left%3A+1em%3B+margin-right%3A+1em%3B%22%3E%3Cimg+border%3D%220%22+height%3D%22331%22+src%3D%22http%3A%2F%2F2.bp.blogspot.com%2F-vIjzRHlgFEc%2FTtMsdIaEWbI%2FAAAAAAAAAFM%2FIfXW-WX-uz0%2Fs640%2F7.jpg%22+width%3D%22640%22+%2F%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A%3Cdiv+class%3D%22MsoNormal%22%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3C%2Fdiv%3E%0D%0A